Midwives are regulated

After years of war and continued high rates of maternal and infant mortality in Sweden, in the 1700s the health and survival of newborn children and their mothers becomes a national project. Educating and regulating midwives becomes a part of this project. 

In 1711, it is decided that licensed midwives must undergo two years of training, take an exam and swear an oath. They cannot use instruments, such as obstetrical forceps, in their practice, but must rely on their hands. In 1777, it is decided that midwives must be able to read and write. In 1856, that they also care for the newborn child.